{"id":1224,"date":"2026-02-09T09:19:50","date_gmt":"2026-02-09T09:19:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fll.univ-bba.dz\/?page_id=1224"},"modified":"2026-02-18T13:21:14","modified_gmt":"2026-02-18T13:21:14","slug":"%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/droit.univ-bba.dz\/?page_id=1224","title":{"rendered":"\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1224\" class=\"elementor elementor-1224\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-244f12d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"244f12d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2d3737 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b2d3737\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b661bb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3b661bb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3786ae7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3786ae7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center;\"><font face=\"Simplified Arabic\">\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f:<\/font><\/h4><h4 class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-DZ\" style=\"font-family: 'Simplified Arabic'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: FR;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-DZ\" style=\"font-family: 'Simplified Arabic'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: FR;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"> nassim.harrar@univ-bba.dz<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27e934a elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"27e934a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"271\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/droit.univ-bba.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ChatGPT-Image-17-fevr.-2026-12_34_23-271x300.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1851\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/droit.univ-bba.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ChatGPT-Image-17-fevr.-2026-12_34_23-271x300.png 271w, https:\/\/droit.univ-bba.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ChatGPT-Image-17-fevr.-2026-12_34_23-768x849.png 768w, https:\/\/droit.univ-bba.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ChatGPT-Image-17-fevr.-2026-12_34_23.png 926w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 271px) 100vw, 271px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee164ec e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ee164ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87d5467 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"87d5467\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0641\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0643\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span lang=\"AR-DZ\" style=\"font-family: 'Simplified Arabic'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: FR;\">\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629: <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"LTR\" lang=\"AR-DZ\" style=\"color: #000080;\"> vdp.ll@univ-bba.dz<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7709a0a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7709a0a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-073ad43 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"073ad43\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b0d68c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3b0d68c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-767554b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"767554b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/droit.univ-bba.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d-\u0628\u0648\u0632\u064a\u062f-300x300.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1833\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/droit.univ-bba.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d-\u0628\u0648\u0632\u064a\u062f-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/droit.univ-bba.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d-\u0628\u0648\u0632\u064a\u062f-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/droit.univ-bba.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d-\u0628\u0648\u0632\u064a\u062f-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/droit.univ-bba.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d-\u0628\u0648\u0632\u064a\u062f.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e11ef79 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e11ef79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Simplified Arabic'; text-align: start;\">1. \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633:<\/span><\/h4><h4 class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-DZ\" style=\"font-family: 'Simplified Arabic'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: FR;\">\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0648\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064a<span style=\"color: #000080;\"> salah.bouzid@univ-bba.dz<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fbd26e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2fbd26e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77f2b63 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77f2b63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 1.25rem; font-weight: bold;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649\u00a0 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/li><li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u00a0<\/span>.<\/span><\/li><li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span lang=\"ar-SA\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633\u00a0<\/span>.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2dc675a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2dc675a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-976b955 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"976b955\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14821b4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"14821b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f1ca28 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2f1ca28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"234\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/droit.univ-bba.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-02-10-at-15.30.54.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1847\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a91024 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7a91024\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 1.6rem; font-family: 'Times New Roman', sans-serif; font-weight: 400; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: 'Simplified Arabic';\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">2. \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><h4 dir=\"RTL\" style=\"direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-DZ\" style=\"font-family: 'Simplified Arabic';\">\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629: \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631<span style=\"color: #000080;\"> farid.mansour@univ-bba.dz<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e92664 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2e92664\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-932f83b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"932f83b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 1.25rem; font-weight: bold;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645:<\/span><\/p><ul><li><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0635\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627) \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a .<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648<\/strong><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5189c0e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5189c0e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e846bcf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e846bcf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c73851 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3c73851\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68bd82b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"68bd82b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>3. \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647:<\/strong><\/span><\/h4><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-DZ\" style=\"font-family: 'Simplified Arabic';\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629: \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/span><span style=\"color: #000080;\"> yacine.naitseghir@univ-bba.dz<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01e660b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"01e660b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/droit.univ-bba.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ChatGPT-Image-18-fevr.-2026-14_06_16-200x300.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1928\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/droit.univ-bba.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ChatGPT-Image-18-fevr.-2026-14_06_16-200x300.png 200w, https:\/\/droit.univ-bba.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ChatGPT-Image-18-fevr.-2026-14_06_16-683x1024.png 683w, https:\/\/droit.univ-bba.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ChatGPT-Image-18-fevr.-2026-14_06_16-768x1152.png 768w, https:\/\/droit.univ-bba.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ChatGPT-Image-18-fevr.-2026-14_06_16.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74eb5fe e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"74eb5fe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9238ad0 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9238ad0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645:<\/h4><ul><li data-hveid=\"CAMQAA\" data-processed=\"true\"><span class=\"T286Pc\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-processed=\"true\"><strong class=\"Yjhzub\" data-processed=\"true\">\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/li><li data-hveid=\"CAMQAQ\" data-processed=\"true\"><span class=\"T286Pc\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-processed=\"true\"><strong class=\"Yjhzub\" data-processed=\"true\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062c\u064a:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629.<\/span><\/li><li data-hveid=\"CAMQAg\" data-processed=\"true\"><span class=\"T286Pc\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-processed=\"true\"><strong class=\"Yjhzub\" data-processed=\"true\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631.<\/span><\/li><li data-hveid=\"CAMQAw\" data-processed=\"true\"><span class=\"T286Pc\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-processed=\"true\"><strong class=\"Yjhzub\" data-processed=\"true\">\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a:<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/span><span class=\"uJ19be notranslate\" data-wiz-uids=\"yoGdMe_13,yoGdMe_14\" data-processed=\"true\"><span class=\"vKEkVd\" data-animation-atomic=\"\" data-wiz-attrbind=\"class=yoGdMe_12\/TKHnVd\" data-processed=\"true\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0cd604 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e0cd604\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631 nassim.harrar@univ-bba.dz \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0641\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629: \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c. \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0643\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647. \u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629: \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633. \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645. \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1224","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/droit.univ-bba.dz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1224","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/droit.univ-bba.dz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/droit.univ-bba.dz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/droit.univ-bba.dz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/droit.univ-bba.dz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1224"}],"version-history":[{"count":79,"href":"https:\/\/droit.univ-bba.dz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1224\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1932,"href":"https:\/\/droit.univ-bba.dz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1224\/revisions\/1932"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/droit.univ-bba.dz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1224"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}